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Primary scarring alopecia of the central scalp, disproportionately affecting Black women — early recognition is the only way to halt permanent hair loss.

Geometric, pattern-matched dermatitis driven by contact with an allergen (type IV hypersensitivity) or an irritant — history and distribution are diagnostic; patch testing confirms allergens.

T-cell-mediated inflammatory dermatosis classically defined by the 'four P's' (purple, pruritic, polygonal papules); lichen planus pigmentosus is a distinct skin-of-color variant.

Malignant tumor of melanocytes; acral lentiginous is the dominant subtype in Black, Asian, and Hispanic patients — often diagnosed late, with worse prognosis stage-for-stage.

Chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with distinct morphology in skin of color (violaceous rather than salmon-pink); treatable to clear with modern biologics.

Life-threatening drug-induced mucocutaneous reaction with full-thickness epidermal necrosis; skin pain out of proportion and dusky macules are the earliest clues — minutes matter.